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Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...

Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire

Magnetic Field Due To A Thin Straight Wire

Consider an infinitely long straight wire carrying a current I. The magnetic field at point P at a distance a from the origin can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.

Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

A solenoid is a conducting wire coated with an insulating material, wound tightly in the form of a helical coil. The magnetic field due to a solenoid is the vector sum of the magnetic fields due to its individual turns. Therefore, for an ideal solenoid, the magnetic field within the solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length and the current. Conversely, the magnetic field outside the solenoid is zero.
Consider a solenoid with 100 turns wrapped around a cylinder of...

Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

Magnetic forces on wires carrying current are most frequently applied in motors. A DC motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical work. In motors, wire loops are enclosed in a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate. The direction of the current is reversed once the loop's surface area is lined up with the magnetic field, causing a constant torque on the loop. During the process, commutators...

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

Nanoscale magnetic field detection using a spin torque oscillator.

P M Braganca¹, B A Gurney, B A Wilson

¹Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, San Jose, CA 95135, USA. Patrick.Braganca@hitachigst.com

|May 14, 2010

Summary

Spin torque oscillators (STOs) offer a novel method for nanoscale magnetic field sensing by measuring oscillation frequency. This approach achieves high signal-to-noise ratios, outperforming conventional sensors for applications in magnetic recording and biosensing.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Electrical Engineering

Background:

High spatial resolution magnetic field detection is vital for advanced technologies.
Conventional magnetoresistive sensors have limitations in sensitivity and resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and evaluate spin torque oscillators (STOs) as a novel sensor for high-resolution magnetic field detection.
To explore STO design principles for optimizing magnetic field sensing performance.

Main Methods:

Utilized macrospin simulations to model and design STOs for magnetic field sensing.
Characterized sensor performance based on STO spectral linewidth and frequency dispersion with magnetic field.

Main Results:

Demonstrated that STO performance relies on spectral properties, not just signal amplitude.
Achieved large signal-to-noise ratios in measured STO devices.
Identified optimal oscillator designs for enhanced sensing capabilities.

Conclusions:

Spin torque oscillators present a promising alternative to conventional sensors for nanoscale magnetic field detection.
STO-based sensors are suitable for future magnetic recording and advanced biosensing applications.