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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or Real-time RT-PCR, is an analytical tool used to determine the expression level of target genes. The method involves converting mRNA to complementary DNA with the help of an enzyme known as reverse transcriptase, followed by the PCR amplification of the cDNA. These two processes can be performed simultaneously in a single tube or separately as a two-step reaction.
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Development and evaluation of an RN/RPN utilization toolkit.

Margaret Blastorah1, Kim Alvarado, Lenora Duhn

  • 1Nursing Knowledge, Research and Innovation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON. margaret.blastorah@sunnybrook.ca

Nursing Leadership (Toronto, Ont.)
|May 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A new toolkit helps hospitals decide on Registered Nurse/Registered Practical Nurse (RN/RPN) staffing. The toolkit, particularly the Patient Care Needs Assessment, proved valid and reliable for informing staff mix decisions.

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Published on: July 10, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Nursing Workforce Management
  • Healthcare Operations Research
  • Clinical Staffing Models

Background:

  • Optimizing nurse staffing is crucial for patient care quality and operational efficiency.
  • Existing methods for determining Registered Nurse (RN) and Registered Practical Nurse (RPN) staff mix may lack standardized approaches.
  • The College of Nurses of Ontario provides practice standards for RN and RPN utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a toolkit to support RN/RPN staff mix decision-making.
  • To align staff mix decisions with the College of Nurses of Ontario's practice standards.
  • To assess the validity, reliability, feasibility, and utility of the developed toolkit.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive exploratory study design was employed.
  • The toolkit was tested across 36 medical/surgical units in seven acute care hospitals.
  • Data collection involved surveys and focus groups with healthcare staff.

Main Results:

  • The Patient Care Needs Assessment (PCNA) tool demonstrated validity and reliability.
  • A consensus-based patient care review process was valued by participants.
  • The Unit Environmental Profile (UEP) tool showed limited evidence of validity and utility.
  • Nursing leaders reported confidence in using the PCNA for staff mix planning.

Conclusions:

  • The toolkit effectively measures intended constructs and informs RN/RPN staff mix decisions.
  • Further development and testing of the UEP tool are necessary.
  • Future research should examine decision quality, data integration processes, and applicability in other healthcare sectors.