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Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Mechanism of Angiogenesis

Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

The Corneal Micropocket Assay: A Model of Angiogenesis in the Mouse Eye

The Corneal Micropocket Assay: A Model of Angiogenesis in the Mouse Eye

Published on: August 16, 2014

[Angiopathy and the eye].

¹Ocní klinika Lékarské fakulty UK a FN Hradec Králové. rencovae@lfhk.cuni.cz

Vnitrni Lekarstvi

|May 15, 2010

Summary

Diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy threaten vision, but early diagnosis and tight diabetes control enable successful treatment. Advances in imaging like spectral OCT aid in identifying and managing these conditions, preserving visual function.

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology and Diabetology
Medical Imaging and Diagnostics
Vascular Complications of Diabetes

Context:

Diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy are leading causes of blindness in diabetic patients.
Traditional fundus photography misses chronic retinal ischemia, necessitating advanced imaging like fluorescein angiography (FAG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).
Spectral OCT (S-OCT) provides detailed retinal cross-sections, analogous to histology, crucial for diagnosing diabetic macular edema.

Purpose:

To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and advanced imaging techniques for diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy.
To discuss current treatment strategies, including laser therapy, fenofibrates, and potential use of thrombolytics.
To emphasize the role of tight diabetes control in preventing and managing microvascular complications.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

The Corneal Micropocket Assay: A Model of Angiogenesis in the Mouse Eye

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Retinal Explant of the Adult Mouse Retina as an Ex Vivo Model for Studying Retinal Neurovascular Diseases

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An Ex Vivo Choroid Sprouting Assay of Ocular Microvascular Angiogenesis

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Published on: August 6, 2020

Summary:

Early detection of retinal vascular changes using FAG and S-OCT is critical for effective treatment.
Laser therapy remains a gold standard for diabetic macular edema, but requires optimal diabetes management.
Pharmacological interventions like fenofibrates and adjunctive thrombolytics are considered for specific cases.
S-OCT is valuable for identifying changes leading to vision loss in diabetic patients.

Impact:

Improved diagnostic capabilities through advanced imaging enhance patient outcomes.
Integrated management involving ophthalmologists and diabetologists optimizes treatment efficacy.
Timely intervention can prevent irreversible retinal damage and preserve visual function, reducing legal blindness rates.