Investigating fruit and vegetable consumption using the transtheoretical model.

Area of Science:

• Health Behavior Change
• Nutrition Science
• Psychology

Background:

• The transtheoretical model (TTM) is a widely used framework for understanding behavior change.
• Its applicability to specific dietary behaviors, such as fruit and vegetable consumption, requires empirical validation.
• Understanding stage-specific factors is crucial for designing effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the validity of the transtheoretical model (TTM) in explaining adult fruit and vegetable consumption patterns.
• To examine the relationships between TTM constructs (stages, processes, self-efficacy, decisional balance) and dietary behavior.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional survey using random-digit dialing was conducted in Hawaii with 700 adult participants.
• Data were collected on TTM stages, processes of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance, and self-reported fruit/vegetable intake.
• Confirmatory factor analysis and analyses of variance were employed to test the measurement models and stage differences.

Main Results:

• The distribution across TTM stages was: precontemplation (33%), contemplation (4%), preparation (37%), action (3%), and maintenance (23%).
• The measurement models for TTM processes, self-efficacy, and decisional balance demonstrated good data fit.
• Significant differences in TTM constructs and fruit/vegetable consumption were observed across stages, with medium effect sizes.

Conclusions:

• The study confirmed TTM's applicability to fruit and vegetable consumption, with adequate fit for measurement models.
• TTM predictions regarding stage-related differences in self-efficacy, decisional balance, and consumption were supported.
• Experiential and behavioral processes generally increased in earlier stages and then stabilized.