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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...

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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
10:28

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

Published on: November 16, 2018

Infectious complications associated with immunomodulating biologic agents.

Sophia Koo1, Francisco M Marty, Lindsey R Baden

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, PBB-A4, Boston, MA 02115, USA. skoo@partners.org

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
|May 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biologic therapies targeting the immune system are increasing. This review details infectious complications linked to US Food and Drug Administration-approved immunomodulating biologics.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration
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Assessment of Antibody-based Drugs Effects on Murine Bone Marrow and Peritoneal Macrophage Activation
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Assessment of Antibody-based Drugs Effects on Murine Bone Marrow and Peritoneal Macrophage Activation

Published on: December 26, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The development of biologic therapies has revolutionized treatment for various immune-mediated conditions.
  • These therapies target specific immune system components, offering precision but also potential risks.
  • The range of available immunomodulating biologics has expanded significantly in recent years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review and catalog the infectious complications associated with approved immunomodulating biologic therapies.
  • To provide a consolidated resource for clinicians and researchers regarding the safety profile of these agents.
  • To highlight the spectrum of infections observed with different classes of biologics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search for studies reporting infectious complications.
  • Inclusion of US Food and Drug Administration-approved immunomodulating biologic therapies.
  • Categorization of infections based on the specific biologic agent and pathogen type.

Main Results:

  • Biologic therapies are associated with a range of infectious complications, varying by drug class.
  • Specific pathogens, including opportunistic infections, are frequently reported.
  • The risk and type of infection can be influenced by the targeted immune pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the infectious risks is crucial for safe and effective use of immunomodulating biologics.
  • Close monitoring for infections in patients receiving these therapies is warranted.
  • Further research may elucidate specific risk factors and preventative strategies for infections.