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Related Concept Videos

Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins01:32

Microtubule Associated Motor Proteins

Eukaryotic cells have different motor proteins for transporting various cargo within the cell. These motor proteins differ based on the filament they associate with, the direction they move within the cell, and the type of cargo they transport. Motor proteins that associate with microtubules are known as microtubule-associated motor proteins. There are two families of microtubule-associated motor proteins —Kinesins and Dyneins. Both these proteins assist in the transport of cellular cargos...
The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles01:43

The Movement of Organelles and Vesicles

In eukaryotic cells,  cytoskeletal filaments such as actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments form a mesh-like cytoskeletal network. These filaments serve as tracks for transporting cellular cargo. Specialized motor proteins use the chemical energy stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for this transport. During interphase, microtubules are polarized, with the plus-end towards the cell periphery and the minus-end towards the cell center. Two microtubule-associated motor proteins,...
Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...

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Characterizing the Composition of Molecular Motors on Moving Axonal Cargo Using "Cargo Mapping" Analysis
11:09

Characterizing the Composition of Molecular Motors on Moving Axonal Cargo Using "Cargo Mapping" Analysis

Published on: October 30, 2014

Linking molecular motors to membrane cargo.

Anna Akhmanova1, John A Hammer

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. a.akhmanova@erasmusmc.nl

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|May 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Motor proteins like myosins, kinesins, and dynein coordinate organelle transport. Their recruitment, regulation, and interactions are complex, involving protein assemblies, lipids, and signaling pathways.

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Characterizing the Composition of Molecular Motors on Moving Axonal Cargo Using "Cargo Mapping" Analysis
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Published on: October 30, 2014

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Motors
  • Intracellular Transport

Background:

  • Intracellular membrane organelle transport relies on motor proteins: myosins, kinesins, and cytoplasmic dynein.
  • Cargo-specific motor recruitment and regulation are crucial for directional movement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the complex mechanisms governing motor protein function in intracellular transport.
  • To understand how motor recruitment, regulation, and interactions influence organelle movement.

Main Methods:

  • The study integrates knowledge on motor protein types, cargo association, and regulatory mechanisms.
  • Analysis of factors influencing motor targeting, activity, and complex architecture.

Main Results:

  • Motor targeting to membranes involves multiprotein assemblies and is influenced by lipid composition.
  • Motor activity is modulated by cargo-induced conformational changes and signaling pathways (phosphorylation, calcium, proteolysis).
  • Interactions between motors on the same cargo and shared motor usage across different organelles add complexity.

Conclusions:

  • Intracellular transport is a highly regulated process involving intricate coordination of multiple motor proteins.
  • Understanding these complex motor dynamics is key to comprehending organelle trafficking and cellular function.