Related Concept Videos
01:25Learning Disabilities
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
01:29Intellectual Disability
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
01:27Language and Cognition
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
01:26Metacognition
Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
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Updated: Jun 13, 2026
12:55
Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
Published on: September 27, 2020
Facets of learning disabilities.
Summary
Family physicians must first rule out physical and neurological issues for children with school problems. Psycho-linguistic testing is crucial to distinguish learning disabilities like dyslexia from other causes.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Developmental Psychology
- Educational Psychology
Background:
- School problems in children can stem from various underlying causes.
- Family physicians often serve as the first point of contact for pediatric health concerns.
- Identifying the root cause of learning difficulties is essential for effective intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline the diagnostic approach for family physicians managing children with school problems.
- To emphasize the role of psycho-linguistic testing in differentiating learning disabilities.
Main Methods:
- Initial assessment by family physicians to exclude physical and neurological handicaps.
- Utilization of psycho-linguistic testing for detailed evaluation of learning abilities.
Main Results:
- Family physicians can often identify the nature of a learning difficulty.
- Psycho-linguistic testing is necessary to confirm specific disabilities such as dyslexia, dysgraphia, or perceptual motor difficulties.
- Distinguishing true disabilities from other contributing factors to school problems is key.
Conclusions:
- Family physicians play a vital role in the initial assessment of children's school problems.
- Psycho-linguistic evaluation is indispensable for accurate diagnosis of learning disabilities.
- A comprehensive approach is needed to address the multifaceted nature of school-related difficulties.