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Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management

The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
Clinical Assessment for Asthma:
This is the first step in diagnosing and managing asthma. It includes:
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management01:26

Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

Medical treatment strategies for peptic ulcers encompass various methods. The primary goal of treatment is to diminish gastric acidity and strengthen mucosal defense mechanisms.
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
The prevailing therapy for peptic ulcers involves a combination of managing the patient's current medication...
Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...

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Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
07:22

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Diagnosing and treating chronic urticaria.

N Epstein

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |May 15, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Chronic urticaria, persisting longer than acute cases, stems from histamine release due to various triggers like infections, foods, or temperature changes. It can sometimes signal underlying systemic diseases, necessitating thorough investigation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Dermatology
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • Chronic urticaria is distinguished from acute urticaria by its duration and diverse triggers.
    • Histamine and other mediators released from mast cells, triggered by various mechanisms including antigen-antibody reactions, cause urticaria.
    • The exact cause of chronic urticaria is often difficult to identify.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To differentiate chronic urticaria from acute urticaria.
    • To explore the various causative agents and mechanisms involved in chronic urticaria.
    • To highlight the potential association of chronic urticaria with systemic diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on chronic urticaria.
    • Analysis of causative factors including allergens, infections, and physical stimuli.
    • Correlation of chronic urticaria with underlying systemic conditions.

    Main Results:

    • Chronic urticaria is characterized by persistent symptoms and a wide range of potential causes.
    • Triggers include common foods, medications, environmental factors like temperature, and endogenous sources.
    • Endogenous causes encompass chronic infections (dental, sinus, tonsillar), endocrine issues, and parasitic infestations.
    • Chronic urticaria can be an indicator of serious systemic diseases, such as lymphomas.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic urticaria requires a comprehensive diagnostic approach to identify its diverse triggers.
    • Recognition of potential links to systemic diseases is crucial for effective patient management.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the complex mechanisms underlying chronic urticaria.