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Related Concept Videos

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis01:10

Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis

The nurse documents nursing diagnoses and enters them into the patient record. The identified patient's nursing diagnosis is either written out with a plan of care or entered into the electronic health record.
In some settings, data-driven computerized decision support systems are in place, allowing for more accurate nursing diagnoses. The database within one of these systems includes diagnostic labels defining characteristics, activities, and indicators for nursing. A nurse enters assessment...
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...

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Long-term follow-up study of survival and recurrence rates following myocardial infarction in exercising and control subjects.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
10:17

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

A common diagnostic problem and a commonly misused drug.

H A Pickard

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |May 15, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study reviews chest pain diagnosis, focusing on ischemic chest pain and non-cardiac causes. It also discusses digitalis use, abuse, and intoxication, highlighting its potential to worsen cardiac status.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Chest pain is a critical clinical presentation requiring urgent diagnosis, particularly when cardiac origin is suspected.
    • Ischemic chest pain necessitates careful diagnostic evaluation to differentiate from other causes.
    • Digitalis therapy, while beneficial, carries risks of toxicity that can be mistaken for disease progression.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline diagnostic approaches for chest pain, emphasizing ischemic causes and non-cardiac differentials.
    • To review the therapeutic principles for angina.
    • To examine the clinical implications of digitalis use and the recognition of digitalis intoxication.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of diagnostic criteria for ischemic chest pain.
    • Discussion of differential diagnoses for chest pain.

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  • Analysis of digitalis pharmacology, indications, contraindications, and toxicity.

    • Main Results:

    • Common causes of chest pain, both cardiac and non-cardiac, are presented.
    • Therapeutic goals for angina management are outlined.
    • Digitalis intoxication is identified as a significant, often overlooked, cause of cardiac deterioration.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate diagnosis of chest pain requires consideration of cardiac and non-cardiac etiologies.
    • Judicious use of digitalis is essential, with vigilant monitoring for toxicity.
    • Recognizing digitalis intoxication is crucial to prevent iatrogenic worsening of cardiac conditions.