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Related Concept Videos

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct regions...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...

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Related Experiment Video

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In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses
09:31

In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses

Published on: March 30, 2015

Oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma.

Hiroya Ohtake1, Hiroshi Kawamura, Masami Matsuzaki

  • 1Department of Pathology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan. hootake@med.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp

Annals of Diagnostic Pathology
|May 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This report details an oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma case, a rare adrenal cancer. The incidental finding in a 69-year-old man highlights the importance of thorough adrenal tumor evaluation.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma is an extremely rare adrenal malignancy, with limited reported cases in medical literature.
  • Adrenal tumors can present incidentally or with hormonal symptoms, necessitating accurate diagnosis and characterization.

Observation:

  • A 69-year-old male presented with abdominal pain, leading to the discovery of a left adrenal tumor via computed tomography.
  • The surgically removed tumor measured 75 x 60 x 45 mm, exhibiting whitish, encapsulated gross morphology.
  • Microscopic examination revealed large polygonal cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, nuclear atypia, mitotic figures, and evidence of capsular and sinusoidal invasion.

Findings:

  • Immunohistochemical analysis showed tumor cell positivity for vimentin, neuron-specific enolase, and synaptophysin.
  • Crucially, diffuse and strong positivity with an antimitochondrial antibody confirmed the oncocytic nature of the tumor.
  • The tumor cells were negative for alpha-inhibin, melan A, and p53, aiding in differential diagnosis.

Implications:

  • This case contributes to the scarce literature on oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma, emphasizing its distinct histological and immunohistochemical features.
  • The findings prompt a re-evaluation of diagnostic criteria for oncocytic adrenal tumors, particularly concerning their malignant potential.
  • Accurate identification of oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma is vital for appropriate patient management and prognosis.