Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Depression: Overview

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive Disorders: Etiology

Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
Biological Factors in Depression
Biological predispositions significantly influence the risk of developing depressive disorders. Genetic studies highlight the role of variations in the serotonin transporter...

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I

Models of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention I

A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
The health belief model (HBM) attempts to predict health-related behavior in specific belief patterns. According to the HBM, a person's...

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Medial PFC AMPA receptor and BDNF signaling are required for the rapid and sustained antidepressant-like effects of 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor stimulation.

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2020

Same author

GABA interneurons are the cellular trigger for ketamine's rapid antidepressant actions.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2019

Same author

Ketamine rapidly reverses stress-induced impairments in GABAergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex in male rodents.

Neurobiology of disease·2019

Same author

N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist d-methadone produces rapid, mTORC1-dependent antidepressant effects.

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2019

Same author

Sestrin modulator NV-5138 produces rapid antidepressant effects via direct mTORC1 activation.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2019

Same author

Stress-Induced Neuronal Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Provokes Microglia-Mediated Neuronal Remodeling and Depressive-like Behavior.

Biological psychiatry·2017

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Animal Models of Depression - Chronic Despair Model (CDM)

Animal Models of Depression - Chronic Despair Model (CDM)

Published on: September 23, 2021

Models of depression.

Catharine H Duman¹

¹Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Vitamins and Hormones

|May 18, 2010

Summary

Depression research uses animal models to study the illness, but a lack of understanding of depression

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Pharmacology

Background:

Depression is a prevalent global mental health issue with inadequate current treatments.
A fundamental understanding of depression's pathophysiology is lacking, hindering accurate animal model development.
Existing animal models aim to replicate human depressive symptoms for research.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and analyze various animal models used in depression research.
To evaluate the strengths and limitations of different depression models.
To assess the validity and utility of these models in understanding antidepressant mechanisms.

Main Methods:

Review of established depression paradigms in animal research.
Categorization of models based on stress exposure duration (acute, subchronic, chronic).

More Related Videos

A Multiple Integrated Social Stress Model for Psychiatric Disorders in Female C57BL/6J Mice

A Multiple Integrated Social Stress Model for Psychiatric Disorders in Female C57BL/6J Mice

Published on: July 15, 2025

Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Rats based on the Mongolian medicine

Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Rats based on the Mongolian medicine

Published on: October 27, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Animal Models of Depression - Chronic Despair Model (CDM)

Animal Models of Depression - Chronic Despair Model (CDM)

Published on: September 23, 2021

A Multiple Integrated Social Stress Model for Psychiatric Disorders in Female C57BL/6J Mice

A Multiple Integrated Social Stress Model for Psychiatric Disorders in Female C57BL/6J Mice

Published on: July 15, 2025

Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Rats based on the Mongolian medicine

Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Rats based on the Mongolian medicine

Published on: October 27, 2023

Analysis of model characteristics including face, construct, and predictive validity.

Main Results:

Short-term stress models (e.g., forced swim test) effectively detect antidepressant responses.
Longer-term models (e.g., chronic mild stress) may better simulate depression's development.
Each model possesses unique strengths and weaknesses in mimicking human depression.

Conclusions:

Animal models are crucial for advancing depression research and antidepressant development.
The choice of model depends on the specific aspect of depression being investigated.
Further refinement of animal models is needed to improve their translational validity for depression.