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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Mesocosm-Scale Constructed Wetland Design for Wastewater Treatment

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Published on: May 2, 2025

Clogging pattern in vertical-flow constructed wetlands: insight from a laboratory study.

G F Hua¹, W Zhu, L F Zhao

¹National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China. Huaguofen2005@126.com

Journal of Hazardous Materials

|May 18, 2010

Summary

Particulate solids cause clogging in vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCW). This study reveals clogging involves a deposition layer and substrate layer, occurring in three distinct stages.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Engineering
Water Treatment Technologies
Wetland Systems

Background:

Substrate clogging from particulate solids accumulation is a major operational issue in vertical-flow constructed wetlands (VFCW).
Understanding clogging dynamics is crucial for optimizing VFCW performance and longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of particulate solids distribution and accumulation within VFCW substrates of varying gravel sizes.
To elucidate the mechanisms and stages of substrate clogging in VFCWs.

Main Methods:

Experimental investigation of particulate solids distribution and accumulation.
Analysis of substrate clogging in VFCWs with different gravel sizes.
Characterization of the clogging layer and process stages.

Main Results:

The clogging layer in VFCWs comprises a blanket-like deposition layer and an upper substrate clogging layer.
The clogging process occurs in three stages: pollutant puncture, deposition layer formation, and overall clogging layer formation/compaction.
Particulate solids (< 100 microm) are initially captured via electrostatic and van der Waals forces, followed by bridging and sieving effects.

Conclusions:

Gravel size significantly influences particulate solids distribution and accumulation, impacting VFCW clogging.
The identified clogging stages and mechanisms provide a framework for predicting and mitigating VFCW operational problems.
Effective management of particulate solids is essential for maintaining the hydraulic efficiency of vertical-flow constructed wetlands.