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Related Concept Videos

Actin Filament Depolymerization01:19

Actin Filament Depolymerization

Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

Mechanism of Filopodia Formation

Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:12

Adaptability of Cytoskeletal Filaments

The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic structure performing varied functions based on cellular requirements. The adaptability of the individual filaments in the cytoskeleton determines their ability to perform various functions within the cell. It can undergo rapid reorganization during processes like cell division or remain stable for several hours as in the interphase. The adaptability of these filaments depends on stringent regulatory mechanisms. The microfilament and microtubules of the...
Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments01:11

Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments

The polymerization of G-actin monomers into filamentous F-actin is a multi-step process. Once the F-actins are formed, they can bundle together in different arrangements to form higher-order networks and regulate cellular functions. Common examples include the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia at the cell's leading edge by actin reorganization in a migrating cell. The microvilli on the brush border epithelial cells are also formed through the F-actin network.
The high-order actin networks...
Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate.
Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments01:14

Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments

The straight or branched structure formation of actin filaments is controlled by nucleating proteins such as the formins and Arp2/3 complex. Formin-mediated assembly results in straight filaments, whereas Arp2/3 protein complex-mediated assembly results in branched actin filaments.
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...

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Aip1p Dynamics Are Altered by the R256H Mutation in Actin
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Published on: July 30, 2014

Actin-depolymerizing factor cofilin-1 is necessary in maintaining mature podocyte architecture.

Puneet Garg1, Rakesh Verma, Leslie Cook

  • 1Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|May 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cofilin-1, regulated by Nephrin, is essential for maintaining podocyte structure and actin dynamics. Loss of cofilin-1 leads to proteinuria and altered foot process morphology during injury.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Actin dynamics is crucial for podocyte morphology and function.
  • Nephrin, a podocyte receptor, influences actin dynamics.
  • Cofilin's role in actin polymerization and severing is well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if cofilin-1 activity is regulated by Nephrin.
  • To determine if cofilin-1 is necessary for normal podocyte actin dynamics.
  • To elucidate cofilin-1's role in podocyte injury and recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a cell culture model to study Nephrin-induced cofilin dephosphorylation.
  • Employed a rat model of podocyte injury to observe cofilin-1 activity.
  • Generated podocyte-specific Cfl1 null mice to assess cofilin-1 necessity in vivo.
  • Induced podocyte injury in Cfl1 mutant mice using protamine sulfate and heparin sulfate perfusion.

Main Results:

  • Nephrin activation dephosphorylated cofilin-1 via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, SSH1, 14-3-3, and LIMK.
  • Cofilin-1 dephosphorylation correlated with foot process spreading in a rat injury model.
  • Cfl1 null mice developed persistent proteinuria and altered foot process morphology upon injury.
  • Mutant podocytes failed to recover normal structure after heparin sulfate perfusion.

Conclusions:

  • Cofilin-1 activity is regulated by Nephrin signaling.
  • Cofilin-1 is essential for maintaining normal podocyte architecture.
  • Cofilin-1 plays a critical role in actin structural changes during podocyte injury and recovery.