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Related Concept Videos

RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...
Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing
08:50

A Nonsequencing Approach for the Rapid Detection of RNA Editing

Published on: April 21, 2022

Plant RNA editing.

Anne-Laure Chateigner-Boutin1, Ian Small

  • 1Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.

RNA Biology
|May 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant RNA editing, including C-to-U, U-to-C, and A-to-I modifications, is vital for survival. This review covers the machinery, functions, and evolutionary models of plant RNA editing, crucial for mitochondrial, plastid, and cytosolic transcripts.

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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

Published on: May 25, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Post-transcriptional RNA editing is a critical process in plants, involving modifications like C-to-U, U-to-C, and A-to-I.
  • Impairment in RNA editing often leads to severe deleterious phenotypes or lethality, highlighting its essential nature.
  • While most plant RNA editing occurs in organellar transcripts (mitochondria and plastids), A-to-I editing is also found in cytosolic tRNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the cellular machineries responsible for various types of RNA editing in plants.
  • To analyze proposed functions of RNA editing based on recent research.
  • To examine recent models for the origin and persistence of RNA editing across different plant lineages.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific findings.
  • Analysis of studies on cellular editing machineries.
  • Examination of research on RNA editing functions and evolutionary models.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of the molecular machinery driving C-to-U, U-to-C, and A-to-I RNA editing.
  • Synthesis of current understanding regarding the functional significance of RNA editing in plants.
  • Presentation of recent hypotheses on the evolutionary emergence and maintenance of RNA editing systems.

Conclusions:

  • RNA editing is an essential, multifaceted process in plants with significant impacts on organismal viability.
  • Understanding the underlying cellular mechanisms, functional roles, and evolutionary history is key to comprehending plant biology.
  • Continued research into RNA editing machineries and their evolutionary trajectories will illuminate fundamental aspects of plant gene expression and adaptation.