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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...
Pleura of the Lungs01:13

Pleura of the Lungs

The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

In vivo Measurement of the Mouse Pulmonary Endothelial Surface Layer
08:55

In vivo Measurement of the Mouse Pulmonary Endothelial Surface Layer

Published on: February 22, 2013

Catamenial pneumothorax.

Marco Alifano1

  • 1Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, AP-HP, Paris V University, Paris, France. marcoalifano@yahoo.com

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
|May 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Catamenial pneumothorax, often linked to endometriosis, is increasingly recognized. Surgical intervention combined with hormonal therapy is key for successful treatment of this rare lung condition.

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Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth
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Mouse Pneumonectomy Model of Compensatory Lung Growth

Published on: December 17, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Gynecology
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Catamenial pneumothorax (CP) is a rare condition characterized by recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax coinciding with menstruation.
  • Historically considered rare, CP is now more frequently diagnosed, with ongoing research into its etiology, epidemiology, and management.
  • Discrepancies in published data highlight the need for a synthesized understanding of CP.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge regarding catamenial pneumothorax.
  • To review the etiologic, epidemiologic, and management features of CP.
  • To consolidate findings from recent studies on CP.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and published studies on catamenial pneumothorax.
  • Analysis of surgical findings in patients with CP.
  • Pathological examination of tissue samples to confirm endometriosis.

Main Results:

  • Catamenial pneumothorax constitutes approximately one-third of spontaneous pneumothoraces in women undergoing surgery.
  • Diaphragmatic defects and nodules are common findings during video-assisted thoracic surgery for CP.
  • Endometriosis is the most frequent underlying pathology, with endometrial implants found in the pleura and diaphragm, supporting a transdiaphragmatic air passage theory.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical management, preferably via video-assisted thoracic surgery, is essential for diagnosis and treatment of CP.
  • Procedures include diaphragmatic resection, pleural implant removal, and talc pleurodesis.
  • Postoperative medical therapy for ovarian suppression and multimodality treatment are crucial for successful management of CP.