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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

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Related Experiment Videos

[Thyroid and pregnancy].

Johanna Mayr1, Susanne Kohlfürst, Hans-Jürgen Gallowitsch

  • 1Abteilung für Nuklearmedizin und spezielle Endokrinologie PET/CT-Zentrum, Landeskrankenhaus Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Osterreich. johanna.mayr1@gmx.at

Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|May 18, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Screening for thyroid dysfunction is crucial for women planning pregnancy, especially those with risk factors. Proper management during pregnancy is vital for maternal and fetal health.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Obstetrics

Context:

  • Pregnancy significantly alters thyroid function, necessitating careful management of maternal thyroid disorders.
  • Thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women poses risks to both the mother and the developing fetus.
  • Specific patient groups, including those with pre-existing thyroid disease, autoimmune disorders, or a history of neck irradiation, require targeted screening.

Purpose:

  • To review the physiological and pathological changes in thyroid function during different reproductive stages.
  • To outline diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for thyroid disorders in women of childbearing age, during pregnancy, and postpartum.
  • To emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals for optimal patient care.

Summary:

  • This article examines thyroid dysfunction in women, covering childbearing age, infertility, pregnancy, and postpartum periods.
  • It details the physiological and pathological thyroid changes, diagnostic methods, and treatment options.
  • The review highlights the critical need for coordinated care involving endocrinologists, gynaecologists, and other specialists.

Impact:

  • Improved understanding of thyroid disease management in women's reproductive health.
  • Enhanced strategies for screening and intervention in at-risk pregnant populations.
  • Facilitation of better outcomes for mothers and newborns affected by thyroid dysfunction.