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Immunity to Acanthamoeba.

A Ferrante1

  • 1Department of Immunology, Adelaide Children's Hospital, South Australia.

Reviews of Infectious Diseases
|March 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human serum antibodies and complement provide initial defense against Acanthamoeba infections. Neutrophil killing of these pathogenic amoas requires priming, enhancing their respiratory burst activity.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Parasitology

Background:

  • Pathogenic Acanthamoeba species pose a threat of infection in humans.
  • The human immune system possesses natural defense mechanisms against these free-living amoas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of humoral immunity and complement in the defense against Acanthamoeba.
  • To understand the mechanisms of neutrophil-mediated killing of Acanthamoeba.
  • To explore factors influencing susceptibility to Acanthamoeba infections.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of human serum for antibodies (IgM, IgG) against pathogenic Acanthamoeba.
  • Assessment of Acanthamoeba's ability to activate the complement system (alternative pathway).
  • Evaluation of neutrophil phagocytosis, respiratory burst activity, and enzyme release in response to Acanthamoeba.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Studies on experimental Acanthamoeba infections in mice using various amebic antigens.

    • Main Results:

    • Human serum contains protective antibodies and complement factors against pathogenic Acanthamoeba.
    • Antibodies and complement enhance Acanthamoeba recognition by neutrophils.
    • Neutrophil-mediated killing is dependent on lymphokine/monokine priming, boosting respiratory burst and lysosomal enzyme activity.
    • Oxygen-dependent respiratory burst products are crucial for Acanthamoeba killing.
    • Antibodies can inhibit Acanthamoeba adherence, phagocytosis, migration, and neutralize cytopathogenic factors.
    • Experimental infections in mice demonstrate species and strain-specific protection induced by amebic antigens.

    Conclusions:

    • Humoral immunity and complement are vital components of the first-line defense against Acanthamoeba infections.
    • Primed neutrophils effectively kill Acanthamoeba through oxygen-dependent mechanisms.
    • Factors like immune compromise or specific invasion sites may predispose individuals to Acanthamoeba infection.