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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

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Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis
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Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis

Published on: July 28, 2023

Tuberculosis vaccines: present and future.

Angela M Minassian1, Helen McShane

  • 1The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Level 2, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK. angela.minassian@ndm.ox.ac.uk

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine
|May 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new tuberculosis vaccine is urgently needed as the current Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine requires improvement. This review explores emerging vaccine candidates and strategies to enhance TB vaccine efficacy.

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Area of Science:

  • * Immunology and Vaccinology
  • * Infectious Disease Research
  • * Global Public Health

Background:

  • * The existing tuberculosis vaccine, Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), has limitations in its immunogenicity and efficacy.
  • * There is a critical and growing global health need for a more effective tuberculosis vaccine.
  • * Improving BCG's performance is a major priority in vaccine development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review current tuberculosis vaccine candidates in clinical development.
  • * To discuss novel vaccine strategies and key considerations in vaccine design.
  • * To highlight the importance of identifying immune correlates for future vaccine validation.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive literature review of ongoing and pipeline tuberculosis vaccine research.
  • * Analysis of critical vaccine design elements: antigen selection, delivery routes, and immune correlates.
  • * Examination of data from Phase II/III clinical trials for identifying protective markers.

Main Results:

  • * Several novel tuberculosis vaccine candidates are progressing through clinical trials.
  • * Key challenges in vaccine design, including optimal antigen choice and delivery methods, are being addressed.
  • * The identification of immune correlates of protection is crucial for validating new vaccines.

Conclusions:

  • * The development of next-generation tuberculosis vaccines is advancing with diverse strategies.
  • * Identifying reliable immune correlates from clinical trials will accelerate the validation of promising vaccine candidates.
  • * Validated animal models, informed by human trial data, are essential for future vaccine development.