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Related Experiment Video

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Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

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Genes, genetics, and Class III malocclusion.

F Xue¹, R W K Wong, A B M Rabie

¹Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research

|May 19, 2010

Summary

Class III malocclusion may stem from multiple genes and environmental factors, or potentially a single gene. Research highlights key genes like IHH and VEGF, and chromosomal regions 1p36, 12q23, and 12q13 in its genetic etiology.

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Area of Science:

Genetics
Orthodontics
Developmental Biology

Background:

Class III malocclusion is a complex craniofacial condition.
Its etiology is debated, with theories including polygenic inheritance, environmental interactions, and monogenic dominant inheritance.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current research on the genetic factors contributing to Class III malocclusion.
To identify candidate genes and chromosomal regions associated with this condition.

Main Methods:

Review of existing family pedigree studies and genetic association studies.
Analysis of genome-wide scans and case-control association studies.

Main Results:

Genes such as Indian hedgehog homolog (IHH), parathyroid-hormone like hormone (PTHLH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are implicated.
Chromosomal loci 1p36, 12q23, and 12q13 are associated with Class III malocclusion.
EPB41 identified as a candidate gene for mandibular prognathism.

Conclusions:

Class III malocclusion likely involves a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental influences.
Further research into specific genes and chromosomal regions is crucial for understanding its etiology.