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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
Published on: June 10, 2013
[Taking care of drug addict in odontology]
Philippe Pirnay1, Stéphane Pirnay
1Centre Médical St Edouard, Alfortville, France. drphp1@orange.fr
Abstract:
In the dental surgery practice, a drug addicted patient declares suffering from high pain and asks with insistence to be examined in emergency. The clinical examination shows a pity overall dental status: an important dental deterioration, a periodontal disease. At the end of the examination, the patient suffering withdrawal syndrome, asks with a high demand up to physical threat, to get a prescription of psychotropic medicines, and especially opiates (high dose buprenorphine). In front of this situation, the dental surgeon will face two aspects: first of all, clinical issues, as taking care of the odontological pathologies, management of the pain and of the withdrawal syndrome and second of all, the legislation issues related to its responsibility of prescription writer and the specific attitude to adjust in front of a patient with withdrawal syndrome at the dental surgery practice.
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