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Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice

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Environmental factors in genitourinary development.

Jenny H Yiee¹, Laurence S Baskin

¹Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

The Journal of Urology

|May 19, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental chemical exposure may impact male reproductive development. Studies suggest links between endocrine disruptors and conditions like hypospadias, though data remain inconclusive.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Endocrinology
Reproductive Health

Background:

Increased industrial chemical use correlates with rising hypospadias and cryptorchidism rates.
Hormonal regulation of fetal development prompts investigation into environmental factors affecting genitourinary growth.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize existing data on endocrine disruptors and their effects on human genitourinary development.
To review the scientific literature on environmental influences on fetal genitourinary development.

Main Methods:

A literature search of PubMed was conducted for human studies published between 2004 and 2009.
Review of studies investigating environmental factors and genitourinary development.

Main Results:

Limited data exist on environmental impacts on kidneys, ureters, or bladder.
Phthalates may increase hypospadias and anogenital distance; diethylstilbestrol in utero increases testicular dysgenesis syndrome risk.
Some industrial chemicals and pesticides negatively affect semen quality; chemical accidents have decreased male-to-female birth ratios.

Conclusions:

Evidence linking chemical exposure to adverse genitourinary development is mixed and inconclusive.
High exposure rates from industrial accidents or diethylstilbestrol suggest endocrine disruptors can harm genitourinary development.