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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
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Reason and Intuition01:37

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Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
Drug Dependence01:17

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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its effects by...

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A Protocol for Measuring Cue Reactivity in a Rat Model of Cocaine Use Disorder
07:51

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Published on: June 18, 2018

Relationship between impulsivity and decision making in cocaine dependence.

Kimberly L Kjome1, Scott D Lane, Joy M Schmitz

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA. kimberly.l.kjome@uth.tmc.edu

Psychiatry Research
|May 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cocaine-dependent individuals exhibit impaired decision-making and heightened impulsivity, but these deficits are not significantly correlated. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) showed distinct differences between groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Impulsivity and decision-making are theoretically linked through impaired planning.
  • Limited research explores this relationship in clinical populations, particularly substance dependence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task - IGT), impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale - BIS-11), and behavioral inhibition (Immediate Memory Task - IMT) in cocaine-dependent subjects versus controls.
  • To investigate the interrelationships among these cognitive measures in cocaine dependence.

Main Methods:

  • Cocaine-dependent subjects and healthy controls were assessed using the IGT, BIS-11, and IMT.
  • Cognitive modeling was employed to analyze IGT performance.

Main Results:

  • Cocaine-dependent subjects demonstrated more disadvantageous choices on the IGT, higher BIS-11 scores, and more commission errors on the IMT compared to controls.
  • Cognitive model analysis revealed differences in IGT choice consistency between the groups.
  • No significant correlations were found between IGT performance and BIS-11 scores or IMT commission errors.

Conclusions:

  • In cocaine dependence, decision-making (IGT) and impulsivity/behavioral inhibition (BIS-11, IMT) appear to be dissociable cognitive functions.
  • These findings suggest limited overlap between these specific measures of decision-making and impulsivity in this clinical population.