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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...

Olfaction

Olfaction

The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ and tau...

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: August 25, 2014

[Olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders].

A Hähner¹, A Welge-Lüssen

¹Interdisziplinäres Zentrum Riechen und Schmecken, Universitätsklinikum der TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden. antje.haehner@uniklinikum-dresden.de

|May 19, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory dysfunction is common in neurodegenerative diseases. Olfactory testing aids in diagnosing conditions like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's dementia.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease

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Published on: August 25, 2014

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

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Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice

Published on: June 15, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neurology

Context:

Olfactory impairment is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases.
Understanding olfactory deficits provides insights into disease mechanisms.

Purpose:

To review olfactory function across various neurodegenerative conditions.
To highlight the diagnostic utility of olfactory testing.

Summary:

This review synthesizes current knowledge on olfactory dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders.
It emphasizes the role of olfactory tests in early diagnosis, particularly for Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's dementia.

Impact:

Early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases can improve patient outcomes.
Olfactory testing offers a non-invasive, accessible diagnostic tool.