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Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at the...

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
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Cerebral Hemispheres

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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...

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The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Statistical Modelling of Cortical Connectivity Using Non-invasive Electroencephalograms

Statistical Modelling of Cortical Connectivity Using Non-invasive Electroencephalograms

Published on: November 1, 2019

Computational analysis of cerebral cortex.

Hidemasa Takao¹, Osamu Abe, Kuni Ohtomo

¹Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. takaoh-tky@umin.ac.jp

|May 19, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data processing for brain morphometry. It summarizes automated techniques like voxel-based morphometry and cortical thickness analysis for unbiased structural brain studies.

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Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

Neuroimaging
Computational Neuroanatomy
Brain Anatomy

Background:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for in vivo brain anatomical studies.
Automated techniques in computational neuroanatomy offer unbiased characterization of brain structure.
High MRI data quality is essential for accurate morphometric analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To review MRI data acquisition and preprocessing for brain morphometric analysis.
To provide a summary of widely used automated neuroimaging techniques.
To highlight the importance of data quality in computational neuroanatomy.

Main Methods:

Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) for examining patterns of brain changes.
Cortical thickness analysis for studying cortical anatomy.
Utilizing freely available software packages for automated analysis.

Main Results:

Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is a widely adopted automated method for brain change detection.
Cortical thickness analysis is increasingly utilized for detailed cortical anatomy studies.
Both VBM and cortical thickness analysis are accessible via open-source software.

Conclusions:

This review details MRI data acquisition and preprocessing steps for morphometric analysis.
It summarizes key automated techniques: voxel-based morphometry and cortical thickness analysis.
The described methods facilitate objective and efficient characterization of brain structure.