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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology01:10

Atelectasis II: Pathophysiology

Atelectasis develops when alveoli lose their air and collapse inward. Because lung tissue is naturally elastic, these air sacs shrink rather than remaining open. Collapsed alveoli are no longer ventilated, reducing their role in gas exchange. Blood flow may continue in these regions, creating a ventilation–perfusion mismatch. Clinical findings include decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, reduced chest expansion, and decreased tactile fremitus as sound transmission through collapsed...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

A Piglet Perinatal Asphyxia Model to Study Cardiac Injury and Hemodynamics after Cardiac Arrest, Resuscitation, and the Return of Spontaneous Circulation
10:55

A Piglet Perinatal Asphyxia Model to Study Cardiac Injury and Hemodynamics after Cardiac Arrest, Resuscitation, and the Return of Spontaneous Circulation

Published on: January 13, 2023

Delayed asphyxia due to inhalation injury.

Tony Fracasso1, Andreas Schmeling

  • 1Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital, Münster, Germany. Tony.fracasso@hcuge.ch

International Journal of Legal Medicine
|May 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A house fire victim died from delayed asphyxia two days after sustaining burns. Inhalation injury caused severe respiratory damage, including emphysema and blocked airways, leading to death.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic pathology
  • Toxicology
  • Pulmonary medicine

Background:

  • A 53-year-old man experienced a minor fire incident.
  • He sustained second to third-degree burns on 2% of his body surface, primarily affecting the facial area around the mouth and nose.

Observation:

  • Autopsy revealed severe acute emphysema.
  • Significant mucopurulent obstructive laryngotracheobronchitis was noted.
  • Histological examination demonstrated desquamative loss of respiratory epithelium extending to the middle bronchi.

Findings:

  • The bronchial lumen was obstructed by mucopurulent secretions and necrotic epithelial cells.
  • Histopathology confirmed extensive damage to the respiratory tract consistent with severe smoke inhalation.

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A Piglet Perinatal Asphyxia Model to Study Cardiac Injury and Hemodynamics after Cardiac Arrest, Resuscitation, and the Return of Spontaneous Circulation
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Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for delayed mortality following inhalation injury, even from seemingly minor fires.
  • It underscores the critical importance of thorough respiratory assessment in burn victims.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology of delayed asphyxia is crucial for forensic investigations and clinical management.