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Related Concept Videos

Hybridoma Technology01:31

Hybridoma Technology

Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation, polyethylene glycol...
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody
07:36

Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody

Published on: May 16, 2020

Ofatumumab.

Mark Sanford1, Paul L McCormack

  • 1Adis, a Wolters Kluwer Business, Auckland, New Zealand. demail@adis.co.nz

Drugs
|May 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Ofatumumab, an anti-CD20 antibody, showed significant objective responses in patients with refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). While effective, infections and neutropenia were common adverse events during treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Ofatumumab is a fully human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody.
  • It induces potent antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity.
  • Its efficacy is attributed to its binding site and slow release from the CD20 protein.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ofatumumab in patients with fludarabine- and alemtuzumab-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).

Main Methods:

  • A pivotal, noncomparative study was conducted.
  • Patients with refractory CLL received ofatumumab treatment.
  • Objective responses, duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival were assessed.

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Assessment of Human Natural Killer Cell Events Driven by FcγRIIIa Engagement in the Presence of Therapeutic Antibodies

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Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
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Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody
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Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody

Published on: May 16, 2020

Assessment of Human Natural Killer Cell Events Driven by FcγRIIIa Engagement in the Presence of Therapeutic Antibodies
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Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
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Main Results:

  • Ofatumumab induced objective responses in 58% of patients, meeting a prespecified superiority criterion.
  • Median duration of response was 7.1 months.
  • Median progression-free survival was 5.7 months, and median overall survival was 13.7 months.

Conclusions:

  • Ofatumumab demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with refractory CLL.
  • The most frequent adverse events were infections and neutropenia.
  • Infections during treatment led to death in 8% of patients, highlighting the need for careful monitoring.