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Related Concept Videos

Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...
Viscosity01:27

Viscosity

Viscosity is a property of fluids that measures their resistance to flow. It is influenced by factors such as the surface area of contact, the gradient of flow speed, and the fluid's viscosity constant, called the coefficient of viscosity. The coefficient of viscosity, also known as dynamic viscosity, is denoted by the symbol η. It determines the proportionality between the viscous force and the gradient of flow speed.Newton's law of viscosity states that the viscous force on a faster-moving...
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies with...
Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid01:09

Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid

As with waves on a string, the speed of sound or a mechanical wave in a fluid depends on the fluid's elastic modulus and inertia. The two relevant physical quantities are the bulk modulus and the density of the material. Indeed, it turns out that the relationship between speed and the bulk modulus and density in fluids is the same as that between the speed and the Young's modulus and density in solids.
The speed of sound in fluids can be derived by considering a mechanical wave propagating...
Fluid Pressure over Curved Plate of Constant Width01:12

Fluid Pressure over Curved Plate of Constant Width

When a curved plate of constant width is submerged in a liquid, the pressure acting normal to the plate varies continuously both in magnitude and direction. Calculating the magnitude and location of the resultant force at a point is often challenging for such cases. One of the methods to determine the resultant force and its location involves separately calculating the horizontal and vertical components of the resultant force. This complex calculation can be simplified by representing the...

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Giant slip lengths of a simple fluid at vibrating solid interfaces.

Aurélien Drezet1, Alessandro Siria, Serge Huant

  • 1Institut Néel, CNRS and Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble, BP 166, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
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Mechanical resonators near walls can freeze due to fluid damping. This study analytically confirms and extends these findings, showing perfect-slip conditions are robust and offer sensitive slippage measurements, impacting nanoelectromechanical systems design.

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Published on: February 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Mechanical resonators
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Recent studies show mechanical resonators near walls can enter an overdamped or frozen regime in simple fluids.
  • This phenomenon, observed in the plane-plane configuration, requires further theoretical explanation and extension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical approach justifying and extending the frozen regime findings for mechanical resonators near walls.
  • To analyze the impact of partial slip boundary conditions on fluid-structure interactions.
  • To compare friction force dependencies between plane-plane and sphere-plane geometries.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical solution of Navier-Stokes equations with partial slip boundary conditions.
  • Theoretical modeling of fluid-structure interactions in micro/nanoscale gaps.
  • Comparison with existing experimental and theoretical results.

Main Results:

  • The analytical approach confirms and extends the overdamped/frozen regime findings.
  • In the perfect-slip regime, plane-plane configuration results are general and robust to geometry variations.
  • Plane-plane geometry is more sensitive than sphere-plane for measuring fluid slippage coefficients.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a robust theoretical framework for understanding fluid damping effects on mechanical resonators.
  • Submicron fluidic effects have significant implications for designing nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS).
  • The findings highlight the importance of boundary conditions and geometry in micro/nanofluidic applications.