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Related Concept Videos

Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation01:28

Debye–Huckel–Onsager Conductance Equation

The Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation is a cornerstone of physical chemistry, providing a method to determine the molar conductance (Λm) and molar conductance at infinite dilution (Λ°m) for uni-univalent electrolytes.Uni-univalent electrolytes are electrolytes that dissociate in solution to produce one cation with a +1 charge and one anion with a –1 charge per formula unit.This equation addresses two crucial phenomena: the asymmetry effect and the electrophoretic effect. According to this equation,...
Coulomb's Law01:30

Coulomb's Law

Experiments with electric charges have shown that if two objects each have an electric charge, they exert an electric force on each other. The magnitude of the force is linearly proportional to the net charge on each object and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The direction of the force vector is along the imaginary line joining the two objects and is dictated by the signs of the charges involved.
Newton's third law applies to the Coulomb force — the force on...
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics01:27

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics

When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
Consider a case where both the mediums across a boundary are two different dielectric materials. Recall that the electric field and electric displacement are proportional and related through the material's permittivity.
Comparison Between Electrical And Gravitational Forces01:24

Comparison Between Electrical And Gravitational Forces

There are four fundamental forces in nature: the gravitational force, the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force. To compare the numerical strengths of the first two, take two particles of the same kind. Since electrons are fundamental particles, they are a good example.
Since both are inverse square law forces, the distance gets canceled when the ratio of the two forces is considered. Instead, the ratio of the electrical and gravitational forces depends on...
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions01:16

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions

Consider an external electric field propagating through a homogeneous medium. When the electric field crosses the surface boundary of the medium, it undergoes a discontinuity. The electric field can be resolved into normal and tangential components. The amount by which the field changes at any boundary is given by the difference between the field components above and below the surface boundary.
The surface integral of an electric field is given by Gauss's law in integral form and is related to...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Critical behavior in graphene with Coulomb interactions.

Jianhui Wang1, H A Fertig, Ganpathy Murthy

  • 1Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|May 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Electrons in graphene exhibit critical system behavior due to Coulomb interactions, showing power law correlations. This leads to an unusual instability with increasing interaction strength.

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum mechanics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Graphene's electronic properties are crucial for next-generation electronics.
  • Understanding electron interactions in 2D materials is a key challenge.
  • Coulomb interactions significantly influence electron behavior in confined systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of Coulomb interactions on electron behavior in graphene.
  • To identify the underlying mechanisms driving critical system characteristics.
  • To explore the consequences of these interactions on material stability and properties.

Main Methods:

  • Asymptotic analysis of electron behavior.
  • Theoretical modeling of particle-hole scattering.

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Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
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Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

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Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
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Published on: July 24, 2015

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Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
13:56

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

  • Investigation of power law correlations and their exponents.

    • Main Results:

    • Electrons in graphene exhibit critical system behavior under Coulomb interactions.
    • Power law correlations with interaction-dependent exponents were observed.
    • Particle-hole scattering, enhanced by Coulomb interaction, is identified as the origin.
    • Increasing interaction strength leads to a transition from real to complex power laws, inducing instability.

    Conclusions:

    • Graphene's electron system displays critical phenomena driven by Coulomb interactions.
    • The observed instability, characterized by complex susceptibility, has significant implications.
    • Findings offer insights into the fundamental physics of interacting electrons in 2D materials.