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Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Tissue Engineering of a Human 3D in vitro Tumor Test System
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Published on: August 6, 2013

Tissue engineered tumor models.

M Ingram1, G B Techy, B R Ward

  • 1Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 99 North El Molino Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91101-1830, USA.

Biotechnic & Histochemistry : Official Publication of the Biological Stain Commission
|May 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed "tumor histoids," realistic 3-D models mimicking in vivo tumors with stromal and epithelial cells. These novel models offer improved in vitro tumor research and drug screening capabilities.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional in vitro tumor models using monolayer cell cultures do not accurately represent in vivo tumor complexity.
  • Three-dimensional (3-D) tumor spheroids offer improved in vivo relevance but lack stromal-epithelial interactions.
  • Current models fail to capture the crucial microenvironmental interactions influencing tumor growth and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a reproducible method for generating advanced 3-D tumor models.
  • To create more realistic in vitro tumor models that incorporate both stromal and malignant epithelial cells.
  • To establish a novel platform for pre-clinical drug screening and tumor microenvironment studies.

Main Methods:

  • A novel bioreactor system was designed for the reproducible generation of tumor histoids.
  • Disposable culture chambers (10 ml and 64 ml) were utilized to produce numerous histoid particles.
  • Histological analysis was performed on histoids derived from various cancer types (breast, prostate, colon, pancreas, urinary bladder).

Main Results:

  • A reproducible method for generating tissue-like 3-D tumor models, termed tumor histoids, was established.
  • The histoids closely mimic the architecture of in vivo tumor microlesions, containing both stromal and malignant epithelial cells.
  • The bioreactor system efficiently produces substantial quantities of histoid particles (100-600 per culture) with diameters in the tenths of millimeters.

Conclusions:

  • Tumor histoids represent a significant advancement in in vitro tumor modeling, offering enhanced realism over spheroids.
  • These models have broad applications, including pre-screening pharmaceuticals, serving as reference specimens for immunostaining, and studying tumor cell invasion.
  • The ability to sort histoids based on size and cell content using flow cytometry facilitates their use in drug testing and other research applications.