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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis

Published on: September 2, 2025

[Horizontal intraarticular dislocation of patella.].

M Kitka¹, J Franclík, T Molcanyi

¹Klinika úrazovej chirurgie FN, Kosice.

Acta Chirurgiae Orthopaedicae Et Traumatologiae Cechoslovaca

|May 21, 2010

Summary

Horizontal intraarticular patellar dislocation is a rare injury. Open reduction and immobilization are recommended for successful treatment, as demonstrated in a patient who healed without lasting effects.

Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Traumatology
Sports Medicine

Context:

Horizontal intraarticular patellar dislocation is an uncommon injury.
This specific type of patellar dislocation is not widely recognized in medical literature.
Understanding rare orthopedic injuries is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

Purpose:

To report a case of horizontal intraarticular patellar dislocation.
To highlight the recommended treatment protocol for this rare injury.
To emphasize the importance of prompt and appropriate management.

Summary:

A case of horizontal intraarticular patellar dislocation was successfully treated.
The recommended treatment involves open reduction followed by immobilization using plaster of Paris.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis

Published on: September 2, 2025

The patient experienced a full recovery without any long-term complications.

Impact:

This case contributes to the limited understanding of horizontal intraarticular patellar dislocations.
The findings support open reduction as the primary treatment for this condition.
Successful management can lead to excellent patient outcomes and prevent chronic issues.