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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla01:21

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The medulla oblongata is a crucial part of the brainstem responsible for controlling various autonomic and involuntary functions. It contains several nuclei, including the olivary, cuneate, gracile, and solitary nuclei.
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Brainstem01:19

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The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
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Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI01:14

Imaging Studies I: CT and MRI

Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create precise images of the heart and arteries. It provides comprehensive information about cardiac anatomy, function, perfusion, and tissue characterization without ionizing radiation.IndicationsCMRI diagnoses various heart conditions, including tissue damage from heart attacks, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, aortic issues (tears, aneurysms,...

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High-resolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods for Human Midbrain
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Published on: May 10, 2012

Magnetic resonance techniques for the brainstem.

J Alvarez-Linera1

  • 1Jefe de Sección de Neurorradiología, Servicio de Diagnóstico por Imagen, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid, Spain. jalinera@ruberinternacional.es

Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR
|May 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brainstem imaging presents technical challenges due to its complex anatomy and location. Advanced MRI techniques improve the diagnosis of brainstem lesions, offering vital information when biopsies are high-risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The brainstem's complex structure, vital nuclei, and white matter tracts pose imaging challenges.
  • Its anatomical location near bone and surrounding vasculature further complicates imaging due to field inhomogeneity and flow artifacts.
  • Diagnosing small brainstem lesions is difficult, necessitating advanced imaging approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the technical challenges in brainstem imaging.
  • To emphasize the advancements in diagnostic capabilities through modern imaging techniques.
  • To underscore the importance of appropriate imaging technique selection for brainstem lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing structural imaging with 3-D sequences (T1 or T2 weighted).
  • Employing advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques including Spectroscopy, Diffusion, and Perfusion sequences.
  • Analyzing the diagnostic utility of these techniques for brainstem lesions.

Main Results:

  • 3-D structural imaging has significantly advanced the diagnosis of small brainstem lesions.
  • Advanced techniques like Spectroscopy, Diffusion, and Perfusion provide crucial information for lesion management.
  • These advanced methods offer reliable diagnostic capabilities, potentially avoiding high-risk biopsies.

Conclusions:

  • Proper management and selection of imaging techniques are critical for diagnosing brainstem lesions.
  • Advanced MRI sequences enhance the ability to characterize and manage brainstem pathologies.
  • Modern imaging provides essential, less invasive diagnostic information for complex brainstem conditions.