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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Two-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology01:29

Two-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology

Two-dimensional (2D) microscopy encompasses a range of optical techniques that capture images within a single focal plane, offering detailed representations of microscopic structures. These techniques are essential in biological and medical research, enabling the visualization of cellular and subcellular structures with different levels of contrast and specificity.There are several major types of 2D microscopy, each with strengths and applications.Bright-Field MicroscopyBright-field microscopy...
Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...

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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
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Published on: June 19, 2018

Directional x-ray dark-field imaging.

Torben H Jensen1, Martin Bech, Oliver Bunk

  • 1Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. torbenj@fys.ku.dk

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|May 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This new x-ray imaging method reveals sub-pixel textures using scattering. It accurately maps the orientation of bone and leaf fibers, promising advances in medical diagnostics and material testing.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical imaging
  • Materials science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Current X-ray imaging lacks resolution for sub-pixel structural analysis.
  • X-ray dark-field imaging utilizes scattering from microstructures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel X-ray imaging technique for sub-pixel texture analysis.
  • To demonstrate the capability of mapping local orientation of structures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a novel X-ray dark-field imaging approach.
  • Employed scattering from sub-micron structures within the sample.
  • Used a conventional X-ray tube.

Main Results:

  • Successfully determined local angle and degree of orientation for bone structures.
  • Demonstrated accurate orientation mapping for fibers within a leaf.
  • Validated the technique's ability to analyze sub-pixel features.

Conclusions:

  • The developed X-ray imaging method provides valuable sub-pixel textural information.
  • The technique shows significant potential for medical diagnostics and non-destructive testing.
  • Its basis on conventional X-ray tubes facilitates widespread application.