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Related Concept Videos

Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

Overview
Mismatch Repair01:36

Mismatch Repair

Overview
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Spontaneous and Induced Mutations01:30

Spontaneous and Induced Mutations

Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase Enzyme

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DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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Electrical current through DNA containing mismatched base pairs.

Neranjan Edirisinghe1, Vadym Apalkov, Julia Berashevich

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.

Nanotechnology
|May 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Detecting DNA mismatches is challenging. This study reveals that electrical current changes in DNA reveal mispair conformations, offering a new detection method.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biophysics
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mismatched base pairs in DNA cause subtle structural changes, complicating their detection.
  • Electron transport in DNA is sensitive to base pair integrity, offering a potential mechanism for mispair recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of G.A mispairs on the electrical properties of DNA using current-voltage (I-V) characteristics.
  • To explore the potential of DNA's electrical properties for recognizing mispair conformations.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations of DNA's I-V characteristics using a double-stranded tight-binding model.
  • First-principles calculations to determine tight-binding model parameters (transfer integrals, on-site energies).

Main Results:

  • Electrical current changes due to G.A mispairs are conformation-dependent and observable in DNA up to 90 base pairs.
  • In homogeneous DNA, G.A mispairs suppress electrical current, with the G(anti).A(syn) conformation causing the strongest suppression.
  • In inhomogeneous DNA, mispairs can either suppress or enhance current, depending on the specific mispair and DNA sequence.

Conclusions:

  • DNA's electrical properties, specifically current-voltage characteristics, can be used to detect and differentiate G.A mispair conformations.
  • Electron transport through DNA is a viable approach for identifying sequence-dependent electrical changes caused by DNA mismatches.