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Colon cancer screening in 2010: an up-date
1Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Minerva Gastroenterologica E Dietologica
|May 21, 2010
Summary
Colorectal cancer screening aims to detect polyps and early cancer. This review covers stool-based tests, radiologic imaging, and endoscopic procedures for early detection and improved prognosis.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Gastroenterology
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- Colorectal cancer is a leading global malignancy with a prognosis dependent on disease stage.
- Early-stage colorectal cancer and its precursor lesions, adenomatous polyps, offer a window for effective screening.
- The development of screening strategies is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current colorectal cancer screening tests.
- To discuss the application of these tests in population-based screening programs.
- To present recent screening guidelines from major North American and European advisory bodies.
Main Methods:
- Review of available colorectal cancer screening modalities.
- Categorization of tests into stool-based, radiologic, and endoscopic methods.
- Analysis of current screening guidelines and population-based program usage.
Main Results:
- Stool-based tests include guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests, immunochemical fecal tests, and stool DNA panels.
- Radiologic tests comprise double contrast barium enema and computed tomography colonography.
- Endoscopic options are flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy, with varying roles in screening.
Conclusions:
- Multiple screening tests for colorectal cancer are available, each with distinct advantages and applications.
- The choice of screening method should be guided by current evidence and population-based screening guidelines.
- Early detection through appropriate screening significantly impacts colorectal cancer prognosis.
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