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Pasteurella multocida peritonitis in an HIV-positive patient on continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis
R M Elsey1, R W Carson, T D DuBose
1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.
Abstract:
Pasteurella multocida has been reported only once previously as a cause of peritonitis in a patient undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis. The present report describes findings associated with a case of P. multocida peritonitis in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patient in which renal replacement therapy consisted of continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis. To our knowledge this is the first report of this unique infection in an HIV-positive end-stage renal disease patient. In addition, the recent literature on this unusual organism is reviewed in detail. These findings emphasize the potential for increased susceptibility to zoonoses in immunocompromised patients, particularly with indwelling intraperitoneal catheters which may serve as a portal of entry for unusual organisms.
Insights
Pasteurella multocida peritonitis is rare in patients on peritoneal dialysis. This case highlights increased zoonotic infection risk in immunocompromised individuals with dialysis catheters.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Nephrology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis.
- Pasteurella multocida is an uncommon cause of peritonitis, typically associated with animal exposure.
- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can compromise the immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections.
Observation:
- A case of Pasteurella multocida peritonitis is reported in an HIV-positive patient undergoing continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis.
- This represents a unique infection in an HIV-positive end-stage renal disease patient on this form of dialysis.
Findings:
- The study details the clinical findings and management of this rare P. multocida peritonitis case.
- A review of recent literature on P. multocida infections is included.
- The findings suggest indwelling intraperitoneal catheters may facilitate entry of unusual organisms.
Implications:
- Immunocompromised patients, particularly those with end-stage renal disease and peritoneal dialysis catheters, may have increased susceptibility to zoonotic infections.
- This case underscores the importance of considering unusual pathogens in immunocompromised patients with peritonitis.
- Awareness of Pasteurella multocida as a potential pathogen in this population is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment.