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Related Concept Videos

Narcolepsy01:07

Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors01:27

Restless Leg Syndrome and Night Terrors

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations typically occur during periods of rest or inactivity, particularly when lying down or sitting, and can severely disrupt sleep.
The exact cause of RLS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve dopamine, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate muscle movement. Imbalances in dopamine levels...

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Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

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Published on: October 2, 2019

National narcolepsy survey.

L Doherty1, C Crowe, B Sweeney

  • 1Bon Secours Hospital, College Road, Cork. lsdoherty1@hotmail.com

Irish Medical Journal
|May 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Narcolepsy is likely under-diagnosed in Ireland, with current management practices aligning with international guidelines despite low diagnosis rates. This study investigated Irish narcolepsy prevalence and treatment approaches.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Narcolepsy, a neurological disorder, presents with excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy.
  • The estimated prevalence is 25 per 100,000, but suspected to be higher in Ireland.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of narcolepsy in the Republic of Ireland.
  • To evaluate current diagnostic and management strategies for narcolepsy within Ireland.

Main Methods:

  • An online survey was distributed to Irish physicians specializing in sleep disorders.
  • A 73% response rate was achieved, with 16 physicians reporting on 180 patients diagnosed before January 2009.

Main Results:

  • Clinical diagnosis alone accounted for 41% of cases; others used polysomnography or multiple sleep latency testing.
  • No patients were diagnosed via cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin level analysis.
  • Modafinil was used in 42% of patients, while sodium oxybate was used in only 4%.

Conclusions:

  • Narcolepsy appears significantly under-diagnosed in Ireland.
  • Current management practices for diagnosed narcolepsy patients align with international guidelines.