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Related Concept Videos

Patterns of Fever

Patterns of Fever

Before understanding the types and patterns of fever, it is essential to know its phases.

Types of Fever

Types of Fever

Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
Here are the different types of fever:

Increased Body Temperature

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above 38°C (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.

Methods of reducing fever

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:

Stages of Infection

Stages of Infection

Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

A returning traveler with fever.

Gregory T Austad¹, Daniel F Battafarano

¹Rheumatology Department, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3851 Roger Brooke Drive, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.

Military Medicine

|May 22, 2010

Summary

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) can mimic infectious diseases in globally deployed individuals. Aggressive diagnosis is crucial for timely treatment and improved outcomes in systemic illness.

Area of Science:

Rheumatology
Infectious Diseases
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Military personnel and civilian employees deployed globally face diverse pathogen exposures.
Systemic illnesses in this population require broad differential diagnoses due to overlapping presentations of infectious, neoplastic, and inflammatory conditions.
Accurate diagnosis is critical as treatments vary significantly and delays can be fatal.

Observation:

A case of adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) presented mimicking an infectious disease.
The patient was a man with recent travel history to Sudan.

Findings:

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) can present with symptoms that strongly resemble infectious processes.
The differential diagnosis for systemic illness in deployed populations must include non-infectious inflammatory conditions like AOSD.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

Diagnostic criteria, prognosis, and therapeutic options for AOSD are reviewed in the context of this case.

Implications:

Clinicians must consider AOSD in the differential diagnosis of systemic illness in individuals with global travel or exposure history.
Early and accurate diagnosis of AOSD is essential for appropriate management and to avoid potentially harmful treatments for presumed infections.
This case highlights the importance of a thorough diagnostic workup for systemic diseases in at-risk populations.