Related Concept Videos
01:22Bias
Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
01:27Language and Cognition
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
01:31Confirmation Biases
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
01:29Bias in Epidemiological Studies
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
01:28Lateralization
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
02:16Surveys
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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The Journal of nursing education·2004
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Updated: Jun 12, 2026
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Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
Published on: February 26, 2020
Linguistic bias in multiple-choice test questions.
1Minnesota State University, Mankato School of Nursing, Mankato, Minnesota, USA. sslampe@avvidonline.net
Creative Nursing
|May 22, 2010
Summary
Nurse educators can improve the success of nonnative English-speaking students by minimizing linguistic bias in multiple-choice exams. Addressing language barriers enhances diversity in the nursing profession.
Area of Science:
- Nursing Education
- Linguistics
- Educational Assessment
Background:
- Increasing number of nonnative English speakers in nursing programs.
- Cultural diversity is valuable in the nursing profession.
- Potential for linguistic bias in educational assessments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore methods for minimizing linguistic bias in multiple-choice exam questions.
- To enhance the academic success of nonnative English-speaking nursing students.
- To support nurse educators in creating inclusive assessments.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of multiple-choice question (MCQ) item characteristics.
- Identification of linguistic features contributing to bias.
- Development of guidelines for bias reduction in MCQs.
Main Results:
- Specific linguistic features (e.g., complex sentence structures, idiomatic expressions) were identified as potential sources of bias.
- Strategies for revising questions to reduce linguistic complexity were proposed.
- Nurse educators' awareness of linguistic bias can be improved.
Conclusions:
- Minimizing linguistic bias in multiple-choice questions is crucial for equitable assessment of nonnative English speakers.
- Educator training on linguistic bias can improve test fairness and student outcomes.
- Inclusive assessment practices support diversity in nursing education.