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Related Concept Videos

Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
The Functions of the Skeletal System01:22

The Functions of the Skeletal System

The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily regulated...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Providing Meaningful Environmental Enrichment and Measuring Saliva Cortisol in Pigs Housed on Slatted Flooring
07:02

Providing Meaningful Environmental Enrichment and Measuring Saliva Cortisol in Pigs Housed on Slatted Flooring

Published on: September 30, 2019

Fish bones--a highly available calcium source for growing pigs.

M K Malde1, I E Graff, H Siljander-Rasi

  • 1National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research (NIFES), Nordnes, Bergen, Norway. mma@nifes.no

Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
|May 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fish bones, a marine by-product, show potential as a natural calcium source. Enzymatically treated salmon bones demonstrated higher apparent calcium absorption in pigs compared to boiled bones or calcium carbonate.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Nutrition
  • Food Science
  • Marine Biotechnology

Background:

  • Marine by-products, including fish bones, are often underexplored for their nutritional value.
  • Fish bones possess a high mineral content, suggesting potential as a natural calcium and phosphorus source.
  • Scientific documentation on the nutritional benefits of marine waste is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the apparent calcium absorption from various fish bone sources in growing pigs.
  • To compare the bioavailability of calcium from enzymatically treated and boiled fish bones against calcium carbonate.

Main Methods:

  • Growing pigs were fed experimental diets containing different fish bone sources (salmon, saithe, cod) or calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)).
  • Fish bones were either boiled or treated with enzymes prior to inclusion in the diets.
  • Apparent calcium digestibility was calculated using yttrium as an indicator and confirmed with complete fecal and urine collection in study 2.

Main Results:

  • Enzymatically treated salmon bone showed significantly higher calcium absorption than boiled fish bone or calcium carbonate in study 1.
  • In study 2, enzymatically treated salmon bone also exhibited higher calcium absorption, though not statistically significant.
  • Calcium from boiled salmon bones and enzymatically treated saithe and cod bones was absorbed comparably to calcium carbonate.

Conclusions:

  • Fish bones represent a viable and well-absorbed source of calcium and phosphorus.
  • Enzymatic treatment may enhance the bioavailability of calcium from fish bones.
  • Salmon bones, in particular, show promise as a natural supplement for food and feed applications.