Related Experiment Videos
Prevalence and incidence of hypertension in adolescent girls
Eva Obarzanek1, Colin O Wu, Jeffrey A Cutler
1Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7913, USA.
Objective:
To estimate the prevalence and incidence of hypertension and prehypertension and associated factors in adolescent girls.
Study Design:
A total of 2368 girls (49% Caucasian, 51% African-American) aged 9 or 10 years enrolled in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study had blood pressure, height, and weight measured at annual visits through age 18 to 19 years. Prevalence and incidence of hypertension and prehypertension were calculated.
Results:
On the basis of 2 visits, hypertension prevalence was approximately 1% to 2% in African-American girls and 0.5% in Caucasian girls. Incidence in 8 years was 5.0% and 2.1%, respectively. Obese girls had higher prevalence (approximately 6-fold higher) and incidence (approximately 2- to 3-fold higher) compared with girls of normal weight. Similar patterns were found for prehypertension, except that prehypertension occurred more in older girls than younger girls. Dietary factors (lower intake of fiber, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, and higher intake of caffeine and calories) were each associated with hypertension incidence (all P<.05). In multivariate analysis, higher body mass index (P<.001) and lower potassium intake (P=.023) were independently associated with incidence of hypertension.
Conclusions:
Hypertension occurred early in childhood and was related to obesity and other modifiable lifestyle factors. Clinicians should monitor blood pressure during childhood and provide focused diet and physical activity guidance to minimize the development of hypertension.
Related Concept Videos
Prevalence and Incidence
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health condition at a...
Blood Pressure
The average BP in an adult is typically around 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). In this measurement, the numerator (120) indicates the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart's ventricles as blood is expelled. The denominator (80) represents the diastolic...
Blood Pressure
Hypertension I: Introduction
Factors affecting Blood pressure
Physiological Factors:
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure