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Related Concept Videos

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection01:30

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods01:30

Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods

In healthcare, the chemical method of sterilization uses chemical sterilants to treat surgical instruments and medical supplies to help prevent the transmission of infectious pathogens to patients. Due to heat sensitivity, most medical supplies and equipment should not be exposed to high temperatures. These parts include rubber, plastic, glass, and other similar elements.
Using chemical sterilization rather than heat to clean out equipment is recommended. It eradicates and removes all bacteria,...
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods01:29

Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods

As used in a healthcare facility, sterilization destroys all microorganisms through physical or chemical methods. The physical method includes steam, dry heat, boiling water, and radiation.
Steam sterilization uses non-toxic, low-cost moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure, which is fast, microbicidal, and sporicidal, and quickly warms and penetrates fabrics. Autoclaves, or steam sterilizers, expose each item to direct steam contact for a predetermined time at the necessary...
Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

The Portable Chemical Sterilizer (PCS), D-FENS, and D-FEND ALL: Novel Chlorine Dioxide Decontamination Technologies for the Military
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[Decontamination. A treatment without indications].

E Palencia Herrejón1, P Rico Cepeda

  • 1Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain. palenciah@gmail.com

Medicina Intensiva
|May 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selective digestive decontamination (SDD) is not recommended for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in ICUs with good guideline compliance. SDD poses risks of promoting antibiotic resistance without proven additional benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Infectious Disease Prevention
  • Hospital Epidemiology

Context:

  • Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prevention is a critical focus in Intensive Care Units (ICUs).
  • Clinical practice guidelines recommend a combination of preventive measures with proven effectiveness.
  • High compliance with these guidelines has led to significantly reduced VAP incidence.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the role and effectiveness of selective digestive decontamination (SDD) in VAP prevention.
  • To assess the utility of SDD in settings with established, effective infection control practices.
  • To identify potential risks associated with SDD, particularly antimicrobial resistance.

Summary:

  • While SDD has shown efficacy in high-incidence settings, its benefit is unlikely in ICUs with good guideline adherence and low VAP rates.
  • A significant concern with SDD is the potential to foster the selection and spread of resistant microorganisms.
  • Current evidence suggests SDD is an unnecessary and risky measure for widespread use in VAP prevention.

Impact:

  • Recommends against the routine use of SDD due to risks outweighing benefits in well-managed ICUs.
  • Highlights the importance of adhering to established VAP prevention guidelines.
  • Calls for further research to identify specific scenarios where SDD might offer additional benefits.