Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any finite,...

Switching of BJT

Switching of BJT

Switching behavior in Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) is a fundamental aspect utilized in various electronic circuits, particularly for digital logic applications like switches and amplifiers. In a typical switching circuit, a BJT alternates between cut-off and saturation modes, corresponding to the "off" and "on" states, respectively, thus behaving like an ideal switch.
Cut-off Mode ("Off" State): In this state, both the emitter-base and collector-base junctions are reverse-biased. The...

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Second harmonic generation in AlGaAs photonic wires using low power continuous wave light.

Optics express·2011

Same author

Dynamic photorefractive Schlieren system.

Applied optics·2010

Same author

Time-delay Fizeau phase-conjugate interferometer.

Applied optics·2010

Same author

Tunable self-reference phase conjugate interferometer.

Applied optics·2010

Same author

Self-oscillation in BaTiO(3) using a multimode laser.

Applied optics·2010

Same author

BSKNN as a self-pumped phase conjugator.

Applied optics·2010

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization

Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization

Published on: December 11, 2014

Bistability and optical switching in a total internal reflection phase conjugator.

J Rodriguez, A Siahmakoun, G Salamo

|May 22, 2010

Summary

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) phase conjugators exhibit bistability, a phenomenon where the system can exist in two stable states. Researchers observed switching behavior triggered by input intensity variations.

More Related Videos

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization

Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization

Published on: December 11, 2014

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

Area of Science:

Nonlinear Optics
Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) is a well-known ferroelectric material with significant photorefractive properties.
Phase conjugation is a nonlinear optical process that can generate a wave that exactly reverses the direction of propagation of an input wave.
Bistability in optical systems can lead to applications in optical switching and memory devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the phenomenon of optical bistability in a BaTiO3-based total internal reflection phase conjugator.
To identify the dynamic variables governing the system's behavior.
To explore the switching characteristics induced by input intensity modulation.

Main Methods:

Utilized a BaTiO3 crystal in a total internal reflection configuration to create a phase conjugator.
Employed the position of the crystal relative to the input optical field as the key dynamic variable.
Applied controlled changes in input optical intensity to observe system responses.

Main Results:

Observed and confirmed optical bistability in the BaTiO3 total internal reflection phase conjugator.
Demonstrated that the crystal's position is a critical dynamic variable influencing the bistable states.
Reported switching behavior in response to variations in input optical intensity.

Conclusions:

The BaTiO3 total internal reflection phase conjugator exhibits bistability, making it a potential candidate for optical switching applications.
The system's dynamic behavior is controllable via crystal positioning and input intensity.
Further research into optimizing such systems could lead to advanced optical devices.