Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evidence for the earliest structural use of wood at least 476,000 years ago.

Nature·2023
Same author

Visual Information Routes in the Posterior Dorsal and Ventral Face Network Studied with Intracranial Neurophysiology and White Matter Tract Endpoints.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2021
Same author

BCI learning induces core-periphery reorganization in M/EEG multiplex brain networks.

Journal of neural engineering·2021
Same author

Role of structures in the masticator space in selecting patients with resectable T4b oral cancer: findings from a survival analysis.

International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery·2020
Same author

Project HELP: a study protocol to pilot test a shared decision-making tool about treatment options for patients with hepatitis C and chronic kidney disease.

Pilot and feasibility studies·2018
Same author

Review article: the current treatment of non-cardiac chest pain.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2015
Same journal

Multifunctional reconfigurable terahertz metasurface based on vanadium dioxide phase transition: achieving broadband absorption and efficient polarization conversion.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-Q-factor electromagnetically induced transparency utilizing quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric terahertz metasurface.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Automated stitching interferometry for high-precision metrology of X-ray mirrors.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Experimental demonstration of an approach to designing a metal-dielectric DBR resonant cavity structure.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

High-precision wavefront reconstruction from a single-shot interferogram using a physics-driven hybrid feature calibration network.

Applied optics·2026
Same journal

Ultra-high-Q Fano resonance based on coupled topological corner states in Kagome photonic crystals.

Applied optics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels
11:34

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels

Published on: September 8, 2016

Diffraction analysis of rough reflective surfaces.

K J Allardyce, N George

    Applied Optics
    |May 22, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces an optical method for measuring surface roughness on metallic samples. The technique uses Fourier transforms to accurately assess roughness remotely, even on varied surfaces.

    More Related Videos

    In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation
    06:49

    In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

    Published on: March 2, 2021

    Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material
    11:57

    Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

    Published on: May 20, 2013

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

    Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels
    11:34

    Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels

    Published on: September 8, 2016

    In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation
    06:49

    In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

    Published on: March 2, 2021

    Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material
    11:57

    Measuring Spatially- and Directionally-varying Light Scattering from Biological Material

    Published on: May 20, 2013

    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Materials Science
    • Surface Metrology

    Background:

    • Surface roughness is a critical parameter affecting material properties and performance.
    • Accurate and non-contact measurement of surface roughness is essential for quality control and research.
    • Existing methods may be contact-based or lack real-time feedback.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a non-contact optical method for characterizing surface roughness on ground metallic samples.
    • To establish automated means for categorizing surface roughness based on optical transform patterns.
    • To compare the performance of the optical method with computer-aided profilometry techniques.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical determination of optical transform patterns for metallic samples at various angles of incidence.
    • Experimental verification of theoretical patterns.
    • Computer simulations to model the optical system and analyze surface roughness.
    • Utilizing a non-contact optical method for real-time Fourier transform display.
    • Comparing optical Fourier transforms with profilometer data-driven computer-aided analysis.

    Main Results:

    • Optical transform patterns were successfully determined and verified for surface roughness ranging from 0.025 to 3.2 micrometers.
    • Automated methods for categorizing surface roughness were established.
    • The non-contact optical method demonstrated effective remote measurement capabilities for roughened metallic surfaces.
    • Analysis of periodic phase-reflection surfaces showed an apparent decrease in roughness with increased illumination angle.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed non-contact optical method provides accurate and remote measurement of surface roughness on metallic samples.
    • Fourier transform analysis under varying illumination angles offers a robust approach to surface characterization.
    • This technique enables efficient and automated assessment of surface topography.