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Cloudy apple juice protects against chemical-induced oxidative stress in rat
Małgorzata Kujawska1, Ewa Ignatowicz, Małgorzata Ewertowska
1Department of Toxicology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 30 Dojazd Str, 60-631 Poznań, Poland.
Background:
Apples abundant in phenolic compounds show a variety of biological activities that may contribute to beneficial effects against some chronic diseases.
Purpose:
The aim of our study was to assess the protective effect of cloudy apple juice against chemical-induced oxidative stress in rats.
Methods:
Male Wistar rats were treated with apple juice per os, 10 mL/kg/day for 28 days and with a single dose of N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), 150 mg/kg or carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)), 2 mL/kg, 24 h before killing. Two groups of rats not pretreated with juice were administered each of the xenobiotics alone.
Results:
Microsomal lipid peroxidation in the liver was decreased in rats pretreated with juice by 52-87% when compared to animals given NDEA or CCl(4) alone. Pretreatment with juice protected antioxidant enzymes: catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase but not superoxide dismutase. Their activity was recovered by 49-173% when compared to that in rats given either toxicant alone. The plasma activity of paraoxonase 1 was reduced by both toxicants and was increased by 23% in the apple/CCl(4) group. A rise in plasma protein carbonyls caused by the xenobiotics was reduced by 20% only in apple/NDEA-treated rats. Also, in this group of animals, a 9% decrease in DNA damage in blood leukocytes was observed.
Conclusion:
Phytochemicals in commonly consumed apple juice may protect some macromolecules against oxidative insult induced by xenobiotics.
