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Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Visualizing RNA Localization in Xenopus Oocytes
07:06

Visualizing RNA Localization in Xenopus Oocytes

Published on: January 14, 2010

Oxovanadium ions bind transfer RNA at multiple sites.

Hirohumi Arakawa1, Galina Dovbeshko, Stavroula Diamantoglou

  • 1Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Québec at Trois-Riviéres, Trois-Riviéres, Quebec, Canada.

DNA and Cell Biology
|May 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oxovanadium ions interact with transfer RNA (tRNA), binding to specific bases and phosphate groups. While no structural changes occur in tRNA, high concentrations can cause biopolymer aggregation.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Visualizing RNA Localization in Xenopus Oocytes
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Published on: January 14, 2010

Nanomanipulation of Single RNA Molecules by Optical Tweezers
06:59

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11:49

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Published on: August 21, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Oxovanadium compounds show promise in preventing chemical carcinogenesis.
  • These compounds are known to form complexes with nucleic acids in vivo.
  • Understanding their interaction with transfer RNA (tRNA) is crucial for elucidating their biological mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between transfer RNA (tRNA) and oxovanadium ions (VO(2+) and VO₃⁻).
  • To determine the binding sites, binding constants, and effects on tRNA conformation.
  • To explore the complexation at physiological pH and varying vanadium/RNA ratios.

Main Methods:

  • Affinity capillary electrophoresis was employed to analyze ion-binding.
  • Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used for structural analysis.
  • These techniques assessed binding constants and conformational changes in tRNA.

Main Results:

  • VO(2+) binds to tRNA via guanine, adenine N7, uracil O2, and the backbone phosphate group with high affinity.
  • VO₃⁻ exhibits weaker binding to guanine and adenine bases, with no interaction observed with the phosphate backbone.
  • No significant tRNA conformational changes were detected, but biopolymer aggregation occurred at high oxovanadium concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • Oxovanadium ions interact with tRNA, with VO(2+) showing stronger binding affinities than VO₃⁻.
  • The binding occurs at specific nucleobases and the phosphate backbone, without inducing major conformational changes in tRNA.
  • High concentrations of oxovanadium can lead to tRNA aggregation, suggesting potential implications for cellular processes.