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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles
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Evaluation of LC3-II Release via Extracellular Vesicles in Relation to the Accumulation of Intracellular LC3-positive Vesicles

Published on: October 18, 2024

A master conductor for aggregate clearance by autophagy.

Vojo Deretic1

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, 915 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. vderetic@salud.unm.edu

Developmental Cell
|May 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Autophagic adapters like p62/SQSTM1 target toxic protein aggregates. Alfy protein coordinates this process by interacting with p62, Atg5, and PI3P, activating autophagy components.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Autophagy is a key cellular process for degrading damaged or aggregated proteins.
  • p62/SQSTM1 is a known autophagic adapter that recognizes ubiquitinated protein aggregates.
  • The precise mechanisms coordinating autophagic cargo recognition and activation remain under investigation.

Discussion:

  • Filimonenko et al. reveal Alfy as a novel player in autophagy.
  • Alfy acts as a molecular scaffold, bridging cargo (via p62) with autophagic machinery (via Atg5) and lipid signaling (PI3P).
  • This interaction facilitates the site-specific recruitment and activation of autophagosomes.

Key Insights:

  • Alfy directly interacts with p62/SQSTM1, Atg5, and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P).
  • Alfy's PI3P-binding capability is crucial for its function in autophagosome formation.
  • The study elucidates a novel mechanism for coordinating cargo recognition and autophagosome biogenesis.

Outlook:

  • Further research into Alfy's role could uncover new therapeutic targets for diseases involving protein aggregation.
  • Understanding Alfy's interactions may shed light on the regulation of selective autophagy.
  • Investigating Alfy's upstream regulation could reveal novel signaling pathways controlling autophagy.