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CAPD peritonitis and fluoroquinolones: a review
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maasland Hospital Sittard/Geleen, The Netherlands.
Summary
Fluoroquinolones show promise for treating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) peritonitis due to their broad-spectrum activity and oral availability. While effective, careful monitoring is needed as drug levels can be variable in peritoneal dialysis fluid.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Nephrology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) peritonitis requires effective antimicrobial treatment.
- Fluoroquinolones offer potential advantages including broad-spectrum activity, favorable pharmacokinetics, and oral administration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the microbiological, pharmacokinetic, and clinical aspects of fluoroquinolones in CAPD peritonitis.
- To assess the efficacy and safety of fluoroquinolones for CAPD peritonitis treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of microbiological data, pharmacokinetic studies, and clinical experiences with fluoroquinolones in CAPD.
- In vitro susceptibility testing of fluoroquinolones against common pathogens.
Main Results:
- Ciprofloxacin demonstrated superior in vitro activity against staphylococci and Gram-negative bacteria compared to other agents, but low activity against streptococci.
- Fluoroquinolone activity is reduced in peritoneal dialysis fluid; serum levels rise with daily administration, and dialysate levels are variable after oral dosing.
- Initial clinical data suggest oral ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin may be effective for CAPD peritonitis, generally well-tolerated but with observed convulsions.
Conclusions:
- Fluoroquinolones are potentially useful for CAPD peritonitis, offering oral administration and broad-spectrum coverage.
- Further comparative studies are needed to establish their relative efficacy against standard therapies.