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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis.

Alberto Ascherio1, Kassandra L Munger, K Claire Simon

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. aascheri@hsph.harvard.edu

The Lancet. Neurology
|May 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adequate vitamin D nutrition may help prevent multiple sclerosis (MS). Research shows a protective effect, but more studies are needed to understand its mechanisms and impact on MS progression.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

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Published on: December 9, 2015

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla
08:51

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis at 7.0 Tesla

Published on: February 19, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Nutritional Neuroscience
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests a link with environmental factors like vitamin D.
  • Vitamin D's potential role in immune system regulation is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between vitamin D status and the risk of developing MS.
  • To explore the potential protective effects of vitamin D against MS.
  • To identify unanswered questions regarding vitamin D's influence on MS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies examining various measures of vitamin D (sun exposure, diet, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D).
  • Analysis of epidemiological data correlating vitamin D levels with MS risk.
  • Investigation into potential biological mechanisms of vitamin D action.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests a protective association between adequate vitamin D levels and reduced MS risk.
  • Studies support the hypothesis that vitamin D may play a role in MS prevention.
  • Significant uncertainties remain regarding the precise mechanisms and genetic influences.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D appears to have a protective effect against developing multiple sclerosis.
  • Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms of action, genetic interactions, and potential therapeutic roles in MS progression.