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Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Venous Malformation
06:51

A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Venous Malformation

Published on: June 15, 2020

Intravenous lobular capillary hemangioma.

Abdulrahman Maher1

  • 1Trauma Services, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. abdo_99@hotmail.com

Annals of Vascular Surgery
|May 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Intralobular capillary hemangioma, a rare vascular tumor, can present as a neck mass. Early ultrasound diagnosis is crucial for evaluating neck swellings and considering such rare tumors.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Oncology
  • Head and Neck Surgery
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Intralobular capillary hemangioma is an exceptionally rare vascular neoplasm.
  • Vascular tumors require careful consideration in differential diagnoses for neck masses.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective patient management.

Observation:

  • A case study of a 41-year-old woman presenting with a primary neck mass.
  • The neck mass was identified as an intralobular capillary hemangioma.
  • The presentation occurred in an outpatient clinical setting.

Findings:

  • Ultrasound examination proved to be a valuable first-line diagnostic tool.
  • The case highlights the importance of including vascular tumors in the differential diagnosis of neck swellings.

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  • A comprehensive literature review on intralobular capillary hemangioma was conducted.

    • Implications:

    • Reinforces the need for considering rare vascular tumors in neck mass evaluations.
    • Emphasizes the utility of ultrasound in the initial assessment of neck swellings.
    • Contributes to the current understanding and clinical management of intralobular capillary hemangioma.