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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Oral Health Assessment by Lay Personnel for Older Adults
Published on: February 2, 2020
Factors associated with perceived effectiveness of local long-term care ombudsman programs in New York and California
Carroll L Estes1, Steven P Lohrer, Sheryl Goldberg
1Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 340, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. Carroll.Estes@ucsf.edu
Objective:
Long-term care (LTC) ombudsman advocate for the health, safety, welfare, and rights of residents in LTC facilities. This article examines factors associated with self-rated effectiveness of local LTC Ombudsman Programs (LTCOPs) in California and New York across the five statutorily mandated activities under the Older Americans Act: complaint investigation, resident/family education, community education, monitoring laws, and policy advocacy.
Method:
Data were collected from telephone interviews with coordinators of local LTCOPs in California and New York and from the National Ombudsman Reporting System. Analyses examined factors associated with effectiveness: program size, resource adequacy, organizational autonomy, interorganizational relationships, and program outputs.
Results:
Resource and autonomy measures are significantly associated with different effectiveness measures in each state. Staff full-time equivalencies and coordinator hours per week in New York and the quality of training in California are significantly associated with effectiveness in most mandated activities.
Discussion:
Findings highlight variability within and between the local LTCOPs in California and New York.
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